Colon polyps: 5 lifestyle changes to prevent polyps from turning into cancer later in life

A healthy colon is important for your overall health. Although colon polyps are often harmless, they can be a sign of colorectal cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The fact that you can reduce the number of colon polyps by changing your lifestyle.

What is a colon polyp?

Colon polyps are abnormal growths in the lining of the large intestine, oncological surgeon Dr. Tirasram Kaushik told Healthshot. They may vary in size, shape and type.

The two main types are adenomatous polyps (adenomas) and hyperplastic polyps.

1. adenomatous polyp (adenoma)

• Adenomas are precancerous polyps that can develop into colorectal cancer over time.
• It usually originates from glands in the colon and rectum.
• There are three types of adenomas based on their microscopic appearance: tubular adenomas, villous adenomas, and tubulovillous adenomas.

2.Hyperplastic polyp

• Hyperplastic polyps are usually benign and are unlikely to develop into cancer.
• It occurs when there is an overgrowth of cells within the colon or rectum.
• Most hyperplastic polyps do not pose a significant risk of cancer, but larger polyps or polyps with certain characteristics may require further testing.

What is the relationship between colon polyps and colon cancer?

The association between colon polyps and colon cancer is important because certain types, especially adenomatous polyps, can cause cancer. Regular tests, such as colonoscopies, are important to detect and remove polyps before they become cancerous. This reduces your chances of getting colon cancer. Monitoring polyps and following recommended treatments and tests are essential to good colorectal health.

What are 5 ways to prevent colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer can often be prevented by making simple lifestyle changes. Here are five simple strategies to consider that will make a big difference.

1. Fiber and plant-based foods

Brightly colored fresh fruits and vegetables can help lower your risk of colorectal cancer. “Eating more plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains may reduce this risk,” says Dr. Kaushik. On the other hand, eating red and processed meat can significantly increase your risk.

If you want to add more fiber to your diet, consider traditional dishes with dal, millet, and whole grain roti. “Reduce your intake of processed meats such as sausages, and if possible, replace some of your meat with healthy fish and protein-rich legumes. Aiming for 25 to 35 grams of fiber per day can improve your gut health,” says the doctor.

2. Lifestyle changes

Maintaining a healthy weight is important for both appearance and health. Habits such as excess weight, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Dr. Kaushik says, “Regular physical activity such as walking, cycling, and yoga is recommended. Try to do at least 30-45 minutes of aerobic exercise every day along with strength training.”

A balanced life includes movement and mindfulness. Simple lifestyle changes can improve your life. “Reducing your alcohol intake or quitting smoking can help you control your weight and improve your overall health,” says the doctor. News in Health research supports these habits, and they’re easy to fit into your busy schedule.

3. Focus on preventive testing

In medicine, it is often more effective to prevent a disease than to treat it. “Regular screening for colorectal cancer allows for early detection and can save lives,” say experts. Although India does not yet have a nationwide screening program, a study published in the BMJ shows that systematic screening can reduce mortality rates.

Dr. Kaushik emphasizes, “Colorectal cancer (CRC) often develops without any obvious symptoms. Polyps can be present for a long time without anyone noticing. That’s why it’s important to be careful and get tested early.” Screening should begin at age 45 if you are at high risk, especially if you have a family history of colorectal cancer. Talk to your health care provider about which test is best for you. In this way, you can take control of your health.

4. Recognize symptoms early

It is very important to recognize early colorectal cancer because it may not show any symptoms. Still, changes in bowel habits should be taken seriously. Dr. Kaushik notes, “Key symptoms to look out for: changes in the frequency of going to the bathroom, bloody stools (visible or invisible), unexplained low iron levels, and unexpected weight loss.”

Ignoring important health signs in your health journey is the same as not getting regular health checkups. “Acting quickly can help identify problems early and increase the success rate of treatment,” says the doctor. If rectal bleeding continues or if you notice a persistent change in your bowel habits, see your doctor right away.

5. Supports the gut microbiome

Did you know that your gut is home to trillions of tiny microorganisms? These microorganisms make up the gut microbiome and are important for human health. Dr. Kaushik emphasizes, “A healthy gut can lower your risk of colon cancer. Eating a diet high in fiber and incorporating fermented foods can help increase the diversity of your microbiome, which is good for your gut health.”

Consume more fiber-rich foods and fermented staples like curd, idli, and dosa batter. These foods nourish your body and support a healthy gut. ISRN Nutrition research suggests probiotics may help. “Still, it’s better to focus on minimally processed, whole foods that are rich in fiber. Avoid unnecessary antibiotics to positively impact gut health,” says the oncologist.