Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter that sends chemical messages through the brain and nervous system, and is involved in regulating communication between brain cells, according to the Cleveland Clinic. GABA’s role is to inhibit or reduce the activity of neurons or nerve cells. Research shows that GABA plays an important role in behavior, cognition, and the body’s response to stress. Research also suggests that GABA helps control fear and anxiety when neurons become overexcited, notes McGill University. As the Cleveland Clinic points out, lower than normal levels of GABA in the brain have been linked to schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. GABA receptors GABA receptors on nerve cells receive chemical messages that help suppress or reduce nerve impulses. Research shows that prescription drugs called benzodiazepines bind to GABA and increase its expression, mimicking GABA’s natural sedative effects. Diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan) are among the most commonly prescribed benzodiazepines for insomnia and anxiety disorders. These slow down the body’s central nervous system and cause sleepiness. Benzodiazepines should be used only as prescribed. Overdose can cause shallow breathing, sticky skin, dilated pupils, weak pulse, coma, and death. According to the Cleveland Clinic, drugs used to treat insomnia, such as zolpidem (Ambien) and eszopiclone (Lunesta), work by improving GABA’s ability to bind to GABA receptors in the brain. GABA Supplements GABA supplements, taken alone or in combination with other ingredients, are widely sold for use in treating depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Some small studies suggest that GABA supplements may help lower anxiety levels, but the Cleveland Clinic notes that more scientific evidence is needed to support these overall claims. Although GABA supplements may increase the levels of the chemical circulating in the blood, there is little evidence to suggest that circulating GABA can cross the blood-brain barrier and increase GABA levels in the brain. Before taking GABA supplements (or any other supplement), consult your physician or qualified health professional.
