Diabetics are often warned about complications that affect the eyes, fingers, and toes, but hair loss is rarely discussed. Hair plays an important role in our sense of beauty and identity, so thinning or bald hair can be embarrassing.
This article describes common causes and treatments for diabetes-related hair loss.
Common causes of hair loss in diabetics
high blood sugar level
According to Dr. Raman K. Madan of Northwell Health, high blood sugar damages small blood vessels and reduces the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the hair follicles, making them appear thinner and brittle.
thyroid problems
Thyroid diseases such as hypothyroidism can cause hair loss, so people with diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes, should have their thyroid levels checked annually.
Proper treatment of thyroid, often through medication and dietary changes such as a gluten-free diet (according to some studies), can help prevent further hair loss.
anemia
Although not limited to diabetes, anemia is a common cause of hair loss. Low iron levels are easily tested and usually treated with supplements. According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, dietary sources of iron include red meat, beans, and leafy vegetables.
alopecia areata
Alopecia, an autoimmune disease like type 1 diabetes, causes the body to attack the hair follicles, leading to hair thinning on the scalp, eyebrows, and other areas.
Treatment options range from corticosteroids to less aggressive topical treatments such as anthralin cream, depending on severity.
Does metformin cause hair loss?
Long-term use of metformin, a common diabetes drug, can cause vitamin B-12 deficiency, which can contribute to significant hair loss.
Metformin reduces the body’s ability to absorb vitamin B-12, which can cause symptoms such as fatigue, numbness, and even hair loss.
If you are taking metformin, your doctor may recommend B-12 supplements, B-12-rich foods, or B-12 injections to prevent or treat a deficiency.
See below for more information about this drug. Everything you need to know about metformin.
Hair loss treatment for diabetic patients
The best treatment for hair loss in people with diabetes depends on the underlying cause. Several strategies can help prevent further hair loss and promote regrowth.
blood sugar management
First of all, it is important to improve blood sugar levels. Keeping your A1c level below 7%, as recommended by the American Diabetes Association, can improve your overall health and prevent complications such as hair loss.
Those who can manage their blood sugar levels more aggressively may further reduce damage to both small and large blood vessels by aiming for an A1c below 6.5%.
An A1c of 7 percent corresponds to an average blood sugar level of 154 mg/dL.
See below for more information. How to convert A1c to blood sugar level.
Each person should work with their medical team to determine a realistic and safe A1c goal.
For example, someone who is unaware of hypoglycemia may realize that an A1c below 6.5 percent increases the risk of dangerous hypoglycemia and that it is safer to aim closer to 7 percent.
Improving glycemic control is not just about correcting hyperglycemia. Preventing blood sugar levels is a combination of adjusting medications, cutting back on processed foods, increasing physical activity, and eating more nutritious whole foods.
For more information, see: How to lower your A1c: The complete guide.
Over-the-counter treatments
Biotin supplement: Biotin and B vitamins may support hair growth, but they cannot treat hair loss caused by blood sugar levels or autoimmune conditions.
Natural food sources of biotin include whole eggs, nuts, salmon, avocado, and cauliflower.
Rogaine (minoxidil): Applying Rogaine directly to the scalp can restore hair growth. However, continued use is required and it is important to consult a dermatologist to determine the cause of hair loss.
Hair care tips: Avoid harsh treatments such as tight hairstyles, chemical relaxers, and bleaching as they weaken the hair follicles. Choose natural or organic hair products to reduce damage and allow healthy hair growth.
More aggressive options
Corticosteroid injection: For autoimmune-related hair loss, injections may reduce hair loss by targeting immune system activity.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): This new treatment uses a person’s own plasma to stimulate hair follicle growth.
Hair transplant: It is not necessarily a permanent solution, as damage to blood vessels due to high blood sugar levels can cause graft failure.
Propecia (finasteride): This drug, specifically for men, treats male pattern baldness by blocking the production of the hormones that cause hair loss.
Managing hair loss can be difficult, but taking steps to control blood sugar levels and considering appropriate treatments can make a big difference.
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